Cabbage, also known as non-heading cabbage, is more commonly cultivated in the north and south. The above-ground leaves are used for food. They are fresh and tender in quality and contain more carbohydrates, vitamins and some minerals. They are suitable for both fresh and dried food. They are one of the most popular vegetables for the masses.

1. Cultivation season and cultivation system: According to climatic conditions, through selection of varieties, scheduling of sowing dates, and reasonable fertilizer and water management measures, the annual production of cabbage can be made available to the market. Generally, according to the mature period, bolting period and suitable cultivation season, it is divided into three categories: autumn and winter cabbage, spring cabbage and summer cabbage. In cultivation, we must first consider the developmental characteristics, adaptability and disease resistance of the variety. Winter and spring cultivation can choose spring cabbage varieties with strong winter nature and late bolting. In the Lingnan area, there is no severe cold in winter, and cabbage can grow vigorously throughout the winter. Autumn and winter cabbage with weak winter nature can be used as "vegetable seedlings" cultivation in spring. In the summer hot and rainy season, select varieties with multiple resistance and wide adaptability. For autumn and winter cultivation, autumn and winter cabbage varieties should be selected, and seedlings and transplanting are generally required. Generally, in southern China, seeds will be sown from September to December, and they will be supplied in installments and batches until February of the following year. Generally, it can be harvested 20-40 days after planting.

Cabbage is cultivated in spring, and young plants are harvested for food, sowed from February to April, and harvested from April to May. In summer, the main cultivation of cabbage "cai seedlings" is mainly planted in early May and lasts until August. 25-30 days after sowing, the young plants will be harvested one after another. Among them, in addition to a batch of "vegetable seedlings" that are sown from late July to early August, thinning seedlings can also be planted in the field for early autumn cabbage cultivation.

The cultivation system includes crop rotation and inter-mixing cropping. In areas with severe pests and diseases, crop rotation should be adopted, generally with melons, beans, root vegetables and field crops. If you want to continue cropping, you must increase the application of organic fertilizer, pay attention to early plowing and whitening, and strengthen management. Common intercropping, mixing, and intercropping include: intercropping spring vegetable seedlings or spring-planting big vegetables with eggplant fruits, vegetables, beans, and melons; intercropping with spring cabbage and lettuce in winter.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings: Chinese cabbage grows faster in spring and summer and has small plants. It is difficult to transplant, so live broadcast is often used. Seedling raising methods for nursery transplanting include heat-resistant seedlings and cold-resistant seedlings.

Heat-resistant seedlings focus on the hot weather from April to August. Choose heat-resistant or heat-resistant varieties, and use sandy loam and loam as seedling land. The soil should not only retain water and fertilizer, but also be loose and air-permeable. It is also necessary to add fully decomposed soil mixed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer to improve the physical properties of the soil in the seedbed. In addition, properly spread the seedlings, raise sheds or shading nets to prevent rain, cool down, and strengthen watering during the seedling period. Prevent pests and diseases in time.

The cold-resistant seedlings are mainly used in the cold weather of 1-3. Choose strong winter and cold-tolerant varieties, and increase the seedbed temperature by applying semi-decomposed pig and cow dung, garbage, etc. Grasp the cold tail and warm the head, sow seeds at the right time, spread the seeds properly, and set up a thermal insulation film shed during the seedling stage.

The cabbage that is sown at the right time can emerge in 2-3 days. Time for seedlings after emergence to prevent excessive growth. The management of water and fertilizer in the seedling period depends on the soil, the seedlings, and the weather. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of weeds and pests during the seedling stage, especially the prevention and treatment of aphids and virus diseases.

3. Land preparation, fertilization, and planting. Choose fields with good drainage. In the old vegetable plot, the remaining branches and leaves of the previous crop should be cleaned, and the ground should be turned white. Apply 1,500-2,000 kilograms of pig and cow manure per mu as base fertilizer, and mix it with the soil after application. The planting distance depends on the variety, season or cultivation purpose. Plants that are specially harvested for food from young plants or planted in unsuitable seasons should be densely planted. Cultivation and planting in autumn and winter can be appropriately sparse. In general, use border width 1.5-20 meters to wrap the ditch, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm. The depth of planting depends on the climate and soil quality. Early autumn should be shallow planting to prevent deep planting; deep planting after cold dew, to prevent the cold, soil may be slightly deep planting; clay should be shallow planting. Generally, the soil should reach the base of the first true leaf petiole. When planting, select seedlings in the seedbed and dig and plant them according to their size. Watering the seedbed before the seedlings can reduce root damage.

4. Four management: The root system of cabbage is superficially born in the topsoil layer. Although it has strong recovery ability but weak absorption capacity, it has very strict requirements on water and fertilizer. Its growth period is short. If the fertilizer and water are insufficient, it will directly affect the yield and quality. Sufficient fertilizer and water should be continuously supplied during the growth period. Under the condition of sufficient basal fertilizer, start topdressing after planting back to green, apply more quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, use urea or 15% urine, apply once every one week or so, and the concentration will gradually increase until 10 days before harvest. The weather is humid and sultry, and top dressing should not be too much, otherwise it will induce diseases; in cool weather, cabbage grows fast, you can fertilize more.

Water management is generally combined with topdressing, and there should be no shortage of water within a few days after planting, especially in summer cultivation should pay attention to watering. During the growth period, the soil should be kept moist, with a lot of rain in spring and summer, with drainage as the mainstay; hot, dry weather in autumn and winter, and water should be poured in the morning and evening every day.

The cultivation of summer cabbage mostly adopts direct seeding method, and the management of fertilizer and water is particularly important; high temperature and heavy rain can easily cause dead seedlings, and there are more diseases and insect pests. In the production, measures should be taken to prevent insects and diseases, resist high temperatures, and prevent rainstorms. Mainly select varieties with strong heat resistance, strengthen seedling management, implement inter-rotation, intercropping and timely watering.

5. Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests 　 The main disease of cabbage is virus disease. If the weather is dry, it will happen more often. The main control measures are: pay attention to crop rotation, carry out soil disinfection, and use medicine to control aphids and eliminate diseased plants as soon as possible. In addition, there are vitiligo, sclerotinia, black spot, etc. For prevention and treatment, thiophanate, carbendazim and other fungicides can be used. The main pests are yellow stripe, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, cabbage moth, etc., which can be sprayed with Bataan, Sumiting, Trichlorfon, Dichlorvos, Dichlorvos, etc.

6. Harvesting: The harvesting period of cabbage depends on weather conditions, variety characteristics and consumption requirements. Spring and summer cabbage in South China generally takes 40-50 days from sowing to harvest, with a yield of 1,000-1,500 kg per mu. For autumn and winter cabbage, it takes 60-70 days from sowing to harvest, and the output can reach more than 3,000 kg. Cabbage harvest criteria: outer leaves begin to fade in color, outer leaves at the base become yellow, leaf clusters change from vigorous growth to closed growth, and when the heart leaves extend to the mouth of the cabbage, the plants have grown fully and the yield is the highest. (Reproduced)