Pine cauliflower, also known as loose cauliflower and organic cauliflower, is a type of broccoli belonging to the genus Brassica oleracea. Because of its long buds and thin flower layer, the shape of the flower bulb is not compact when it is fully enlarged, and it is loose compared to ordinary cauliflower. State, hence the name. Pine cauliflower flower branches are loose, sweet and crisp

It is delicious and delicious. The content of vitamin C and soluble sugar is obviously higher than that of real cauliflower, which is very popular among consumers.

How to cultivate pine cauliflower efficiently? Let me explain in detail to everyone~

01 Nursery

1.1 Prepare the seedbed

Seed beds, nutrient bowls, nutrient blocks, etc. can be used to raise seedlings, and plug seedlings are recommended in areas where conditions permit. If a seedbed is used to raise seedlings, a sandy soil field with high terrain, fertile and loose soil, ventilated and sunny, and no cruciferous crops such as cabbage planted in the previous stubble should be selected as a seedbed, and deep-turning and fine-raking should be carried out.

Combined with soil preparation, use decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer. The bed surface is leveled according to the width of the compartment 1.3～1.5m and the width of the trench is 0.3m. The surface of the compartment is like a turtle back. Pour plantar water before planting, and at the same time use an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate for soil disinfection.

1.2 Fine seeding

Properly sown in a small amount to facilitate the cultivation of strong seedlings. Sow 2.5～3.5g per 1 square meter seedbed, and sown 1 seed per nutrient bowl (hole, block). After sowing, cover thinly with fine soil, with a thickness of about 0.6cm, so that the seeds should not be exposed. The seedbed is covered with sunshade nets to facilitate cooling and moisturizing and preventing rainstorms. During the germination period, water frequently and shallowly to keep the soil moist to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. If sowing in winter and spring, the seedbed is covered with a small arch to keep warm and moisturize and promote the whole seedling.

1.3 Seedbed management

Water frequently with small water during the seedling period to keep the soil moist. Seedbeds need to be covered with sunshade nets to prevent rain and cover, from 9:00 to 16:00 on sunny days, and uncovered at night; in case of heavy rain, the sunshade nets should be covered, but not covered by light rain on cloudy days. After the seedlings are finished, the seedlings should be fixed in time, keep strong seedlings, remove diseased, weak seedlings, seedlings that are too dense or grow abnormally, and only leave one seedling in each nutrient bowl (hole, block). After thinning, 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea water solution can be applied to promote the growth of seedlings. Generally, the suitable period for planting is 5 to 6 true leaves of seedlings. If the seedlings are grown in plugs, they can be planted early. Seedlings were refined 7 days before planting.

02Site preparation and fertilization

Choose loam or light sandy loam fields with fertile soil, deep and loose soil layers, strong water and fertility retention, and convenient irrigation and drainage. Apply enough base fertilizer, apply 2000-3000kg decomposed organic fertilizer or 200-250kg cake fertilizer, 20-25kg compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. Intensive tillage and fine rake, so that the base fertilizer is evenly distributed, and the surface of the compartment is flat. Integrate into a deep ditch and a high border, generally 1.1～1.2m wide, 20～25cm high, and 30cm wide.

03 Reasonable dense planting

It takes about 25-30 days from sowing to planting in autumn. The height of the plant is about 15 cm, with four leaves and one heart. The diameter of the seedling stem is 0.4-0.5 cm, which is the standard for strong seedlings. Seedlings are transplanted with soil mulch, 2 rows per border, row spacing 50-80 cm, plant spacing 45-70 cm, densely planted in winter and spring, and sparsely planted in summer and autumn.

The planting hole is slightly lower than the border surface to facilitate fertilization and soil cultivation, but to prevent water accumulation. After planting, pour a 600-800 times dilution of 95% Dixon soluble powder and thin feces and urine to facilitate the return of seedlings and prevent diseases. To plant cauliflower in late winter and early spring, it is better to choose sunny and warm weather. It is best to cover with mulch to increase the temperature to facilitate the development of new roots. After planting, if you can maintain the sunny and warm weather for 3 to 5 days, it is beneficial to the formation of new roots and promotes the growth of seedlings and cold resistance; if freezing damage or cold damage occurs after planting, it will often cause cauliflower seedlings and early blooms to occur in large numbers. Transplanting seedlings without soil is more likely to happen.

Because of its sensitivity to low temperature, pine cauliflower planting in spring is later than ordinary spring cauliflower, and autumn planting is earlier than ordinary autumn cauliflower.

04Field Management

4.1 Fertilization management

The vegetative growth stage of pine cauliflower requires a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and it needs to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the formation and development of the flower bulb. Therefore, on the basis of applying sufficient basal fertilizer, focus on topdressing in the following growth stages: After slowing the seedlings to live, apply 8-10 kg of urea per 667 square meters. If the basal fertilizer is insufficient or the seedlings are weak, the topdressing can be applied once every 7 days. ; In the rosette stage, apply 10 kg of urea + 10 kg of potassium chloride + 1 kg of borax solution for every 667 m2; apply 45% ternary compound fertilizer 20 kg + 5 kg of urea for every 667 m2 hole; Apply 20-25kg of urea for 667㎡ to promote the growth of flower bulbs.

Pine cauliflower is prone to abnormal growth when lacking in nutrients. When potassium is deficient, the curd is prone to black hearts; when boron is deficient, the stem is prone to hollow; when molybdenum is deficient, the plant is dwarfed and the leaves are elongated and whip-shaped. Therefore, after budding, foliar fertilizer should be sprayed at the right time to make the flower bulbs swell, the week is fluffy, and the stems are green and sweet. Generally use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.1% borax + 0.05% ammonium molybdate + 0.3% urea , The dosage is 75kg/667㎡, spray 1 to 2 times.

4.2 Water management

Pine cauliflower requires the soil to be moist during the growth period, especially during the rosette stage and the flower bulb formation period, the plant requires a large amount of water, and insufficient water supply can easily affect the growth of the plant. In case of high temperature and drought, furrow irrigation should be timely; after heavy rain, the furrow should be cleared and drained in time, and the soil moisture should be controlled at 70% to 80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

4.3 Cultivation, weeding and soil cultivation

Cultivation of soil can promote the germination of adventitious roots of pine cauliflower, form a strong root system, and enhance the ability of lodging resistance. Combine cultivating and weeding, cultivating the soil 2 to 3 times, and the height should be 2cm below the base of the petiole.

05Pest Control

It is recommended to give priority to the use of agricultural control, biological control, and physical control, and to use chemical control carefully when necessary, and strive to improve the level of product hygiene and safety.

The main diseases are black root disease, root rot, soft rot, downy mildew, black spot, and black rot. The occurrence is particularly serious during the high temperature period, and the prevention and control of soft rot, black root disease and root rot are particularly difficult. Larger, the most serious harm caused, should be sprayed before rain and after rain, 77% can kill the wettable powder 600 to 800 times and other liquid protection.

After the disease first occurs, black root disease and root rot can be used with 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid, root rot spirit wettable powder 600-1000 times liquid, 5% Jinggangmycin liquid 600-800 Spray with two-fold dilution solution, and focus on spraying the rhizomes, once every 7-10 days, 3 to 4 times in a row; for soft rot, 95% dixon soluble powder can be used with 600-800 times dilution and 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble Powder 1000-3000 times dilution, 50% Garinon wettable powder 800 times dilution, 20% Longketobacter suspension 500 times dilution and other agents, mainly for root irrigation, spray and root irrigation alternate control, 7~ Once every 15 days, 2 to 3 times per crop, before and after budding is the key period of prevention and control; while the above-mentioned agents are used to control the corresponding diseases, other diseases can also be effectively and concurrently treated.

It is worth noting that disease prevention and control should also be combined with pest prevention and control. With fewer pests, fewer plant wounds are caused, and the infection and spread of diseases are relatively light.

Insect pests include aphids, diamondback moths, leaf miners, caterpillars and armyworms, etc., you can choose 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000～5000 times dilution, 1.8% abamectin EC 1000～1500 times dilution, 10 billion live spores /G Bt wettable powder 800-1000 times dilution, 75% latent gram wettable powder 2000-3000 times dilution, 15% hitting suspension 3000 times dilution and other pesticide spray control.

When using insecticides, it is forbidden to use Insecticide in the middle and late stages of cauliflower growth to prevent the flower bulbs from producing red and green hairy flowers. The prevention and control of various pests should also be carried out as early as possible.

06 Harvest

The time from spotting to harvesting is generally 15-20 days. When the flower bulbs are fully grown and the surrounding areas begin to loosen, they should be harvested in time. When harvesting, leave 5-7 leaves to protect the flower bulbs to avoid damage or contamination during storage and transportation; if they are temporarily stacked in the field, measures should be taken to shade, Sun protection and rain protection.

Sell them as soon as possible after harvest, or remove the stems and leaves and store them in a pre-cooled storage. The short-term preservation temperature is controlled at 0～5℃.

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